Who guards the border

Australian Border Force Act 2015 (No. 40, 2015), sections 3 and 9 — the simplified outline, and the Commissioner’s control of operations

Federal Register of Legislation (Australia) · Legislation · 2015 · link verified 2026-09-18

SCOPE: what the Australian Border Force is, where it sits, and who directs it — and nothing about biosecurity, which is a different Act and a different portfolio. The official consolidated text, read directly through the register’s static document route. Supports s. 3, the simplified outline: "There is an Australian Border Force within the Department"; that the Commissioner "is to have the control of the operations of the Australian Border Force"; that the Commissioner and APS employees in the Force "are able to exercise powers under the Customs Act 1901, the Migration Act 1958, the Maritime Powers Act 2013 and other Commonwealth laws"; and that the Secretary may give directions to Immigration and Border Protection workers to do with the administration and control of the Department. Supports s. 9(2), that the Commissioner "has, under the Minister, the control of the operations of the Australian Border Force". THE STRUCTURAL FINDING IS "WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT": this is not a body corporate like Canada’s agency, nor an agency established in a department like the United States’, but a force inside the department itself, with two directing authorities over the same workers. The register records the Act as administered by the Department of Home Affairs. Establishes nothing about how any power is exercised, nothing about detention, and nothing about the content of the Customs, Migration or Maritime Powers Acts, none of which were read.

Migration Act 1958 (Cth), s. 5(1) — the definitions of "officer", "clearance officer" and "clearance authority" (compilation C2026C00232, 4 June 2026)

Federal Register of Legislation (Australia) · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-19

SCOPE: who the Migration Act treats as an officer for its purposes, and who performs clearance — not migration procedure, not visa criteria, not detention, and not any decision. The current compilation, read directly. Supports that "officer means: (a) an officer of the Department, other than an officer specified by the Minister in writing …; or (b) a person who is an officer for the purposes of the Customs Act 1901, other than such an officer specified by the Minister …; or (c) a person who is a protective service officer for the purposes of the Australian Federal Police Act 1979, other than such a person specified by the Minister …". AGAIN THE CATEGORY IS NOT THE BORDER FORCE, and each limb carries a ministerial power to exclude named people from it. Supports that "clearance officer means an officer, or other person, authorised by the Minister to perform duties for the purposes of this Division", and that "clearance authority means: (a) a clearance officer; or (b) an authorised system" — the Act contemplates clearance by a SYSTEM as well as by a person, which is an institutional fact no agency page states. A CAUTION CARRIED FROM THE READING: the Act also defines "officer" separately for Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act purposes, so a search for the word finds definitions that are not this one. Establishes nothing about what an officer may do.

Maritime Powers Act 2013 (Cth), ss. 104 and 105 — who is a maritime officer (compilation C2025C00632, 8 November 2025)

Federal Register of Legislation (Australia) · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-19

SCOPE: who may act as a maritime officer, and on what terms — not what a maritime power is, not when it may be used, and nothing about any operation at sea. The current compilation, read directly. Supports s. 104(1), that "Each of the following is a maritime officer: (a) a member of the Australian Defence Force; (b) an officer of Customs (within the meaning of the Customs Act 1901); (c) a member or special member of the Australian Federal Police; (d) a person appointed as a maritime officer by the Minister." THE AUSTRALIAN BORDER FORCE IS NOT IN THAT LIST. Its connection is indirect and runs through limb (b) and the Customs Act definition, which is itself departmental rather than Force-based. Supports s. 104(2) and (3), that a ministerial appointment may be limited to a specified law or international agreement, may carry other conditions, and "may limit the exercise of powers by the person as a maritime officer" — so maritime officers do not all hold the same powers. Supports s. 105(1), that a maritime officer authorised to carry arms in another capacity may do so as a maritime officer, with the same conditions. Establishes nothing about the powers in Parts 2 to 6, nothing about authorisation to exercise them in a particular case, and nothing about practice.

Biosecurity Act 2015 (No. 61, 2015) — the definitions placing biosecurity administration in the Agriculture and Health portfolios

Federal Register of Legislation (Australia) · Legislation · 2015 · link verified 2026-09-18

SCOPE: which portfolios administer biosecurity, and nothing more. The official consolidated text, read directly through the register’s static document route. Supports the definition "Agriculture Department means the Department administered by the Agriculture Minister", and "Agriculture Secretary means the Secretary of the Agriculture Department". Supports that the Act’s scheme runs through the Agriculture and Health portfolios: its provisions speak of "the Agriculture Minister or the Health Minister", "the Agriculture Secretary or the Health Secretary", "the Director of Biosecurity or the Director of Human Biosecurity", and "an APS employee in the Agriculture Department or the Health Department". THE FINDING IS WHO IS ABSENT: neither the Australian Border Force nor the Home Affairs portfolio appears in that scheme, which is the exact opposite of Canada, where the border agency’s own Act defines the agricultural and food-safety statutes as program legislation it administers. LIMITATION: who the two Directors actually are is fixed by ss. 540 and 544, which fall outside the part of the document fetched and were NOT read. This record establishes the portfolios, not the officeholders. Establishes nothing about biosecurity procedure at the border, and nothing about what is inspected.

Canada Border Services Agency Act (S.C. 2005, c. 38), sections 2, 3 and 5 — establishment, mandate, and the program legislation the Agency administers

Department of Justice Canada — Justice Laws Website · Legislation · 2005 · link verified 2026-09-18

SCOPE: what the border agency is and what body of law it administers — not what any other body does. The official consolidated federal text, read directly. Supports s. 3(1), that "The Canada Border Services Agency is established as a body corporate". Supports s. 5(1), that the Agency provides integrated border services supporting national security and public safety by supporting the administration or enforcement of program legislation, implementing agreements with foreign states and provincial governments, implementing arrangements with Canadian departments and agencies, and providing support to other departments for matters for which they have responsibility. Supports that "program legislation" as defined in s. 2 includes the Customs Act, the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, the Excise Act 2001, the Special Import Measures Act, the Customs Tariff and agricultural and food-safety statutes. That definition is what resolves the biosecurity question for Canada without a separate agency page: the agricultural and food-safety statutes are administered AT THE BORDER by this Agency. The Act reserves nothing expressly to other ministers; s. 5(1)(e) speaks of support to other departments for matters for which they have responsibility, and the allocation itself is elsewhere.

Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (S.C. 2001, c. 27), section 4 — responsibility of the Ministers

Department of Justice Canada — Justice Laws Website · Legislation · 2001 · link verified 2026-09-18

SCOPE: which minister is responsible for which part of immigration law, and nothing about customs. The official consolidated federal text, read directly. Supports s. 4(1), that the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration is responsible for the administration of the Act, subject to what follows; and s. 4(2), that the Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness is responsible for "examinations at ports of entry", for "the enforcement of this Act, including arrest, detention and removal", for the establishment of policies respecting enforcement and inadmissibility on grounds of security, violating human or international rights, sanctions, transborder criminality or organized criminality, and for declarations under s. 42.1. Supports s. 4(3), that the Governor in Council may specify which minister is responsible for particular provisions. This is the provision that answers a question no agency page answers: the immigration department administers the Act, and the border examination is somebody else’s. It establishes a division between MINISTERS rather than between agencies, and no claim is made here about which officials exercise the functions.

Border Integrity defined — Royal Canadian Mounted Police

Royal Canadian Mounted Police (Canada) · Government publication · link verified 2026-09-18

SCOPE: the federal police force’s account of its OWN border role. The force’s own page, read directly; note that the older rcmp-grc.gc.ca address now redirects to rcmp.ca, which is why an earlier attempt landed on a homepage. Supports that "The RCMP is primarily responsible for border security between official ports of entry"; that "The RCMP and Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) share the responsibility of securing Canada’s borders at and between ports of entry from inbound and outbound criminal threats in all domains: air, land, maritime and the Arctic"; and that the force "has a role at ports of entry when investigations are referred to us by CBSA", where "we assist and support our partners". The between/at distinction is the whole of the Canadian land-border division and it is stated here by the body that holds the "between" half. The page also refers to joint operations with United States law enforcement; those arrangements were not researched and nothing is claimed about them.

Canadian Coast Guard — Government of Canada

Government of Canada · Government publication · link verified 2026-09-18

SCOPE: the Coast Guard’s own account of what it is for. The Government of Canada’s page for the service, read directly. Supports that it works "to ensure the safety of mariners in Canadian waters and protect Canada’s marine environment", supports Canada’s economic growth through the safe and efficient movement of maritime trade, and helps "ensure our country’s sovereignty and security through our presence in Canadian waters". NEGATIVE FINDING, and the one the border module needed: the page states NO law-enforcement role and does not mention the RCMP or any enforcement agency. That is recorded as what the page does and does not say, not as a finding that the service has no enforcement function in law — an absence on a landing page is weaker evidence than a statute, and the module says so. Read together with the police force’s claim to the maritime domain between ports of entry, it is enough to establish that the maritime enforcement role is not this body’s to claim on its own account.

Bundespolizeigesetz (BPolG), §§ 1, 2 and 6 — the Federal Police, border protection, and tasks at sea

Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt für Justiz — gesetze-im-internet.de · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-19

SCOPE: what the Federal Police is and which border tasks the Act gives it — nothing about customs, nothing about residence law, and nothing about how any power is used. The official consolidated text, read directly. Supports § 1(1), that "Die Bundespolizei wird in bundeseigener Verwaltung geführt. Sie ist eine Polizei des Bundes im Geschäftsbereich des Bundesministeriums des Innern" — a federal police force in the Interior Ministry’s portfolio. Supports § 2(1), that border-police protection of federal territory falls to the Bundespolizei "SOWEIT NICHT EIN LAND IM EINVERNEHMEN MIT DEM BUND Aufgaben des grenzpolizeilichen Einzeldienstes mit eigenen Kräften wahrnimmt" — the statute itself provides for a Land doing border-police work with its own forces by agreement. WHICH LÄNDER DO SO IS NOT ESTABLISHED by this record and is not claimed anywhere. Supports § 2(2), that Grenzschutz comprises police surveillance of the borders; police control of cross-border traffic, including checking border-crossing documents and entitlement to cross, border search and averting dangers; and averting dangers to border security in the border area to a depth of 30 km inland and 50 km from the seaward boundary. Supports § 6, that at sea beyond the German territorial sea the Bundespolizei takes the measures Germany is entitled to take under international law, "unbeschadet der Zuständigkeit anderer Behörden oder der Streitkräfte". Establishes nothing about the powers themselves, nothing about their exercise, and nothing about any Land police force.

Zollverwaltungsgesetz (ZollVG), § 1 — tasks of the customs administration

Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt für Justiz — gesetze-im-internet.de · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-19

SCOPE: what the German customs administration supervises, and the Union instrument its own statute names. The official consolidated text, read directly. Supports § 1(1), that traffic in goods across the border of the customs territory of the European Union is subject to customs supervision, which "sichert insbesondere die Erhebung der Einfuhr- und Ausfuhrabgaben sowie die Einhaltung des Zollrechts". THE UNION LINK IS IN THE GERMAN STATUTE ITSELF: § 1(1) defines "Zollkodex der Union" as "die Verordnung (EU) Nr. 952/2013 … zur Festlegung des Zollkodex der Union (ABl. L 269 vom 10.10.2013, S. 1) in der jeweils geltenden Fassung" — so the national and Union layers are connected by the national text rather than by inference here. Note that the object is GOODS and the territory is the UNION customs territory, neither of which is the same as the Schengen regime for persons. Establishes nothing about checks on persons, nothing about the customs administration’s organisation, and nothing about border-police tasks, which reach customs through a separate instrument.

Verordnung über die Übertragung von Bundespolizeiaufgaben auf die Zollverwaltung (BPolZollV), § 1

Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt für Justiz — gesetze-im-internet.de · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-19

SCOPE: the transfer of named Federal Police border tasks to the customs administration, and nothing else. The official consolidated text, read directly. Supports § 1, that "Unbeschadet der Aufgaben der Bundespolizei werden der Zollverwaltung die Aufgaben 1. der polizeilichen Überwachung der Grenzen (§ 2 Abs. 2 Nr. 1 des Bundespolizeigesetzes), 2. der polizeilichen Kontrolle des grenzüberschreitenden Verkehrs (§ 2 Abs. 2 Nr. 2 des Bundespolizeigesetzes) an den in der Anlage aufgeführten Grenzübergangsstellen sowie außerhalb dieser Grenzübergangsstellen und 3. der Beseitigung von Störungen und der Abwehr von Gefahren, die die Sicherheit der Grenzen beeinträchtigen" übertragen. THIS IS THE INSTITUTIONAL FINDING AND NO AGENCY PAGE STATES IT: the customs administration exercises tasks the Federal Police Act gives the Federal Police, at crossing points listed in an annex, and it does so WITHOUT the Federal Police losing them — "unbeschadet" preserves both. The annex itself was NOT read, so which crossing points are listed is not established and is claimed nowhere. Establishes nothing about customs duties, nothing about how either body is organised, and nothing about practice.

Aufenthaltsgesetz (AufenthG), § 71 — competent authorities under residence law

Bundesministerium der Justiz / Bundesamt für Justiz — gesetze-im-internet.de · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-19

SCOPE: which authorities are competent under German residence law, and nothing about what they decide or how. The official consolidated text, read directly. Supports § 71(1), that "Für aufenthalts- und passrechtliche Maßnahmen und Entscheidungen nach diesem Gesetz … sind die AUSLÄNDERBEHÖRDEN zuständig", with the Land government or the body it designates determining which, and each Land designating a central body for carrying out removals. THE IMMIGRATION ADMINISTRATION IS THEREFORE A LAND FUNCTION, not a federal one and not the border police’s. Supports § 71(3), that the authorities charged with police control of cross-border traffic are competent for refusal of entry and turning back at the border, and for removals at the border in the circumstances listed. THE UNION LINK IS AGAIN IN THE GERMAN TEXT: § 71(3)(1a) speaks of a border "im Sinne des Artikels 2 Nummer 1 der Verordnung (EU) 2016/399 (Binnengrenze)", and § 71(1)(8) of the external border of "eines Mitgliedstaates, der den Schengen-Besitzstand vollständig anwendet". Establishes nothing about the Bundesamt für Migration und Flüchtlinge, which this section does not make competent for the measures above and which is not described on these pages. Establishes nothing about asylum procedure, nothing about detention, and nothing about any individual decision.

Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code) — consolidated text as at 12 October 2025 (02016R0399 — EN — 12.10.2025 — 006.001)

Publications Office of the European Union (Cellar) — consolidated text · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-19

SCOPE: the current wording of the Schengen Borders Code, and only what it says at Union level. Read directly from the Publications Office. The publisher’s own metadata records the latest consolidation of the whole act — as distinct from its individually consolidated segments — as 2016R0399/20251012, dated 12 October 2025 and marked final. It consolidates the original act, Regulation (EU) 2017/2225, Regulation (EU) 2024/1717 and corrigenda, over the previous 10 July 2024 consolidation. LEGAL EFFECT, STATED BY THE DOCUMENT ITSELF: "This text is meant purely as a documentation tool and has no legal effect. … The authentic versions of the relevant acts … are those published in the Official Journal of the European Union." It is cited for current wording, never as the authentic instrument. Supports Art. 1, that the Regulation "provides for the absence of border control of persons crossing the internal borders between the Member States of the Union" and "lays down rules governing border control of persons crossing the external borders". Supports Art. 2(1) and 2(2), defining internal borders (common land borders, airports for internal flights, ports for regular internal ferry connections) and external borders (land, sea, air and port borders "provided that they are not internal borders"). Supports Art. 22, that "Internal borders may be crossed at any point without a border check on persons, irrespective of their nationality, being carried out", and Art. 23, that this "shall not affect … the exercise of police or other public powers". Supports Art. 5(1), that external borders "may be crossed only at border crossing points and during the fixed opening hours", with Member States notifying their list to the Commission. Supports Art. 15, that "Member States shall deploy appropriate staff and resources in sufficient numbers to carry out border control at the external borders", and Art. 16(1), that border control "shall be carried out by border guards". Supports Art. 2(14), that a "border guard" is "any public official assigned, in accordance with national law, to a border crossing point … who carries out, in accordance with this Regulation and national law, border control tasks". THE AGENCY APPEARS EXACTLY ONCE in the whole consolidated text, and only as a recipient of Member State risk assessments and six-monthly reports: this record does NOT support any claim that the European Border and Coast Guard Agency carries out border checks or replaces a national authority. Establishes nothing about which states apply the Code, nothing about customs, and nothing about any national institution.

Regulation (EU) No 952/2013 (Union Customs Code) — consolidated text as at 12 December 2022 (02013R0952 — EN — 12.12.2022 — 004.001)

Publications Office of the European Union (Cellar) — consolidated text · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-19

SCOPE: the current wording of the Union Customs Code, and only what it says at Union level. Read directly from the Publications Office; the publisher’s own metadata dates this consolidation 12 December 2022 and marks it final. LEGAL EFFECT, STATED BY THE DOCUMENT ITSELF: it "is meant purely as a documentation tool and has no legal effect", the authentic versions being those in the Official Journal. Supports Art. 1(1), that the Code lays down "the general rules and procedures applicable to goods brought into or taken out of the customs territory of the Union" and "shall apply uniformly throughout the customs territory of the Union". Supports Art. 5(1), that "customs authorities" means "the customs administrations of the Member States responsible for applying the customs legislation and any other authorities empowered under national law to apply certain customs legislation" — THE BODIES ARE NATIONAL AND ARE DESIGNATED NATIONALLY, which is the customs counterpart of the Schengen definition of a border guard. Supports Art. 4, the customs territory of the Union, enumerated Member State by Member State WITH EXPRESS EXCLUSIONS: the Faroe Islands and Greenland, Heligoland and Büsingen, Ceuta and Melilla, the municipality of Livigno, the French overseas countries and territories to which Part Four of the TFEU applies, and "the territory of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Europe". That enumeration is what refutes the assumption that the customs territory is the sum of the Member States’ territories. Establishes nothing about border checks on persons, nothing about Schengen — which is a different regime with different participants — and nothing about any national customs body beyond the definition above.

Politiewet 2012, articles 3 and 4 — the police task, and the police tasks laid on the Koninklijke Marechaussee

Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid (Netherlands) — wetten.overheid.nl · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-19

SCOPE: which body holds which police task under the Dutch Police Act — nothing about customs, nothing about how any task is carried out, and nothing about any individual measure. The official consolidated text, read directly. Supports article 3, that the police task is "te zorgen voor de daadwerkelijke handhaving van de rechtsorde en het verlenen van hulp aan hen die deze behoeven". Supports article 4(1), that police tasks are laid on the Koninklijke Marechaussee "DIE ONDER HET BEHEER VAN ONZE MINISTER VAN DEFENSIE STAAT" — the Marechaussee is managed by the Minister of DEFENCE while carrying police tasks under this Act, which is the structural fact these pages rest on. Supports the tasks article 4(1) lists and relies on only these: (c) the police task at Schiphol airport and other designated airfields, and the security of civil aviation; (f) the tasks laid down by or under the VREEMDELINGENWET 2000, including operating the crossing points designated for that purpose by "Onze Minister van Asiel en Migratie"; and (g) combating human smuggling and fraud with travel and identity documents. THE ACT DOES NOT USE THE WORD "grensbewaking": article 4(1)(f) routes the border function through the Vreemdelingenwet 2000 rather than defining it here, and that routing is why a second statute is cited alongside this one. Establishes nothing about the powers themselves, nothing about the national police force’s internal organisation, and nothing about the armed forces beyond the management relationship the article states.

Koninklijke Marechaussee — Ministerie van Defensie

Ministerie van Defensie (Netherlands) · Government publication · link verified 2026-09-13

SCOPE: the Koninklijke Marechaussee only. The Ministry of Defence’s own organisation page, read directly. Supports the official name "Koninklijke Marechaussee" and that it is a "krijgsmachtdeel van Defensie" — a component of the armed forces under the Ministry of Defence — while separately carrying police tasks, for which the Ministry directs readers to marechaussee.nl. Establishes the DUAL character and the ministry; it does NOT enumerate the police tasks, and none is asserted from it beyond their existence.

Algemene douanewet, articles 1:2 and 1:3 — the territory the Act applies to, and who the customs authorities are

Ministerie van Financiën (Netherlands) — wetten.overheid.nl · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-19

SCOPE: the territorial reach of the Dutch customs Act and the legal identity of the customs authorities. Nothing about customs procedure, nothing about duties or tariffs, and nothing about any control carried out on any consignment or person. The official consolidated text, read directly. Supports article 1:2, that the Act applies "op het grondgebied van Nederland met inbegrip van zijn luchtruim, zijn maritieme binnenwateren en territoriale zee" and to areas beyond the territorial sea where the Netherlands exercises jurisdiction or sovereign rights under international law. Supports article 1:3(a), which defines the Union Customs Code by number as "VERORDENING (EU) NR. 952/2013 … (PbEU 2013, L 269)", and article 1:3(b) and (ba), which name the Delegated and Implementing Regulations the same way. Supports article 1:3(c) and (d), that the inspecteur or ontvanger is the official charged with applying the Act and designated as such by regulation of "ONZE MINISTER VAN FINANCIËN", and that "DOUANEAUTORITEITEN, BEVOEGDE AUTORITEITEN OF DOUANE OF DOUANEDIENSTEN: DE INSPECTEUR OF ONTVANGER" — the Dutch statute defines the customs authorities the Union Customs Code speaks of as DESIGNATED OFFICIALS UNDER THE FINANCE MINISTER, a function rather than a named organisation. Supports article 1:3(i) to (k), that "Rijk" means the Netherlands together with the BES islands while "NEDERLAND: HET IN EUROPA GELEGEN DEEL VAN HET KONINKRIJK". Establishes nothing about the Belastingdienst, which this Act does not name in the provisions read, and nothing about the Caribbean parts of the Kingdom beyond the definitions themselves.

Vreemdelingenwet 2000, articles 46 and 47 — who is charged with border control, and who with supervision of aliens

Ministerie van Justitie en Veiligheid (Netherlands) — wetten.overheid.nl · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-19

SCOPE: which officials Dutch law charges with border control and with supervision of aliens, and the definition by which it ties them to Union law. Nothing about asylum procedure, nothing about detention, nothing about any decision on any person. The official consolidated text, read directly. Supports article 46(1), that supervision of compliance with and implementation of the SCHENGENGRENSCODE and the statutory rules on border control is charged to: (a) officials of the Koninklijke Marechaussee; (b) officials employed at "DE REGIONALE EENHEID IN HET GEBIED WAARIN DE HAVEN VAN ROTTERDAM IS GELEGEN" — one named port whose border control the statute gives to the national police rather than to the Marechaussee; (c) the director of a grenslogies; and (d) police officials designated by ministerial decision. Supports article 46(3), that those officials "zijn de in artikel 2, onder 14, van de Schengengrenscode bedoelde GRENSWACHTERS" — the Dutch statute designates its own officials as the border guards within the meaning of the Union instrument, which is the tightest form the Union link takes in any border module published here. Supports article 47(1), that supervision of compliance with the statutory rules on aliens is charged to police officials, officials of the Marechaussee, and officials designated by the Minister — A DIFFERENT AND WIDER LIST THAN ARTICLE 46, and not a territorial allocation. Supports the definition "Schengengrenscode: Verordening (EU) 2016/399". THE IMMIGRATIE- EN NATURALISATIEDIENST IS NOT NAMED ANYWHERE IN THIS ACT and nothing about it is asserted from this record. Establishes nothing about powers, nothing about what happens at a crossing point, and nothing about the grenslogies regime beyond the fact that its director appears in the list.

6 U.S.C. § 211 — Establishment of U.S. Customs and Border Protection; Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner, and operational offices

U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo.gov) — United States Code, 2024 Edition · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-18

SCOPE: what CBP is, what it is required to do, and which offices are established inside it — and nothing about the other agencies except where this section names them. The official codified text, read directly from the Government Publishing Office. Supports § 211(a), that "There is established in the Department an agency to be known as U.S. Customs and Border Protection". Supports § 211(e)(1), that "There is established in U.S. Customs and Border Protection the U.S. Border Patrol", and § 211(e)(3)(A), giving the Border Patrol primary responsibility for interdiction "at a place other than a designated port of entry". Supports § 211(f), that Air and Marine Operations is established in CBP with primary responsibility in the air and maritime environment. THE STRUCTURAL FINDING IS § 211(c)(8): CBP is to "in coordination with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and United States Citizenship and Immigration Services, enforce and administer all immigration laws" — the three-way division of the immigration function is stated by the statute itself rather than inferred from an organisation chart. Establishes nothing about how any power is exercised, nothing about detention, and nothing about the Coast Guard.

6 U.S.C. § 252 — U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo.gov) — United States Code, 2024 Edition · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-18

SCOPE: what the Code says ICE is. The official codified text, read directly. Supports the section heading "U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement" and, at § 252(a)(1), that "There shall be in the Department of Homeland Security a bureau to be known as the Bureau of Border Security". THE NAMES DIVERGE INSIDE THE SECTION, and that is the finding: the heading and every later provision say U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, while the sentence that establishes the body says Bureau of Border Security. Supports that the head of ICE reports to the Under Secretary for Border and Transportation Security. This record does NOT establish whether that reporting line is the current one — the section states a chain of command as enacted, and whether it still runs that way was not researched. Establishes nothing about the directorates, which this section does not mention.

6 U.S.C. § 271 — Establishment of Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services

U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo.gov) — United States Code, 2024 Edition · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-18

SCOPE: what the Code says the immigration-benefits agency is. The official codified text, read directly. Supports § 271(a)(1), that "There shall be in the Department a bureau to be known as the Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services", and § 271(a)(2)(A), that its Director "shall report directly to the Deputy Secretary". Supports that this section refers to the enforcement agency as "the Bureau of Border Security" throughout, including in the provision setting the Director’s pay. Confirms from the other side the naming divergence recorded on us-usc-6-252: the two bodies created by the 2002 Act are codified under names neither of them uses, while § 211 — amended later — uses the operating name. Establishes nothing about which benefits are granted or on what terms.

14 U.S.C. § 522 — Law enforcement

U.S. Government Publishing Office (govinfo.gov) — United States Code, 2024 Edition · Legislation · link verified 2026-09-18

SCOPE: the Coast Guard’s law-enforcement authority and the capacity in which it exercises it. The official codified text, read directly. Supports § 522(a), that the Coast Guard "may make inquiries, examinations, inspections, searches, seizures, and arrests upon the high seas and waters over which the United States has jurisdiction, for the prevention, detection, and suppression of violations of laws of the United States". THE INSTITUTIONAL FINDING IS § 522(b)(1): officers enforcing a law of the United States under this section "shall be deemed to be acting as agents of the particular executive department or independent establishment charged with the administration of the particular law". That is what resolves the maritime dimension for this platform without describing any operation — at sea the Coast Guard enforces whoever’s law it is, as that department’s agent, rather than holding a border mandate of its own. Establishes nothing about immigration procedure, nothing about interdiction practice, and nothing about what happens to a person after an arrest.